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Introduction to N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS) N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS) is a versatile and highly selective brominating agent widely utilized in organic synthesis. This white crystalline powder is indispensable for reactions involving allylic and benzylic bromination, α-bromination of carbonyl compounds, and electrophilic addition reactions across alkenes. Its controlled reactivity and ease of handling make it a preferred choice over molecular bromine in many industrial applications, ensuring higher yields, improved selectivity, and enhanced safety. As a critical building block and reagent, NBS plays a pivotal role in the manufacturing processes of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and various fine chemicals, enabling the synthesis of complex organic molecules with precision. Industry Trends and Market Outlook for Bromination Reagents The global market for bromination reagents, including N-Bromosuccinimide , is experiencing steady growth driven by the expanding pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and material science sectors. Key trends include: Demand for Selective Reagents: Growing emphasis on highly selective synthetic routes to minimize by-products and enhance process efficiency, positioning NBS as a frontrunner due to its controlled radical bromination capabilities. Green Chemistry Initiatives: Research and development are focused on developing more sustainable and environmentally friendly bromination methods, including alternative solvents and catalytic approaches that leverage NBS's milder reaction conditions compared to elemental bromine. Emerging Applications: New applications are continuously being discovered in advanced materials, specialty polymers, and electronic chemicals, where precise bromination is essential for functionalization and performance enhancement. Pharmaceutical & Agrochemical Innovation: The continuous pipeline of new drug candidates and crop protection agents necessitates reliable and scalable access to advanced intermediates, many of which require bromination steps. Experts predict a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 4-6% for specialty chemicals like NBS over the next five years, fueled by increasing R&D investments and stringent quality requirements across key industries. Technical Specifications and Chemical Properties Understanding the precise technical specifications and chemical properties of N-Bromosuccinimide is crucial for its effective deployment in industrial synthesis. The molecule's unique structure, often referred to as n bromo succinimide structure , comprises a succinimide ring with a bromine atom attached to the nitrogen. This N-Br bond is relatively weak, facilitating homolytic cleavage under radical conditions (e.g., UV light, peroxides) or heterolytic cleavage under polar conditions, enabling diverse reaction pathways. Key Product Specifications Parameter Specification Chemical Name N-Bromosuccinimide CAS No. 128-08-5 Molecular Formula C₄H₄BrNO₂ Molecular Weight 177.98 g/mol Appearance White to off-white crystalline powder Purity (HPLC) ≥ 99.0% Melting Point 175-178 °C (dec.) Bromine Content 44.88% (theoretical) Solubility Slightly soluble in water, soluble in DMF, acetonitrile, DMSO, acetone, etc. Storage Store in a cool, dry, dark place. Keep container111 tightly closed. Manufacturing Process of N-Bromosuccinimide The production of high-purity N-Bromosuccinimide involves a carefully controlled synthesis pathway designed to ensure product consistency and minimize impurities. The general manufacturing process starts with succinimide as the primary raw material, reacting it with bromine in the presence of a base. This method is favored for its scalability and efficiency. Process Flow Overview: Raw Material Preparation: High-grade succinimide is dissolved or suspended in a suitable solvent (e.g., water, acetic acid). Bromine (Br₂) is metered into the reaction vessel. Bromination Reaction: Succinimide reacts with bromine, typically in an aqueous medium containing sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate to neutralize the hydrobromic acid (HBr) generated, which prevents side reactions and drives the equilibrium towards product formation. This controlled exothermic reaction typically occurs at specific temperatures (e.g., 0-10°C) to manage selectivity and yield. Crystallization/Precipitation: As N-Bromosuccinimide is sparingly soluble in water, it precipitates out of the reaction mixture. Controlled cooling and agitation optimize crystal size and purity. Filtration and Washing: The solid NBS is isolated through filtration (e.g., vacuum or pressure filtration) and thoroughly washed with deionized water to remove residual impurities, inorganic salts, and unreacted starting materials. Drying: The wet cake is then dried under vacuum at moderate temperatures (e.g., 40-60°C) to remove solvent traces and achieve the desired moisture content. This step is critical to ensure product stability and shelf life. Quality Control & Packaging: The dried product undergoes rigorous quality control checks using analytical techniques such as HPLC for purity, GC-MS for solvent residues, and titration for active bromine content. Products consistently meet or exceed industry standards like ISO 9001:2015 for quality management. Packaging in moisture-resistant container111s follows to maintain product integrity. Our stringent adherence to manufacturing protocols ensures a consistent supply of high-purity N-Bromosuccinimide , critical for sensitive downstream applications in target industries such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty polymers. The typical service life of our NBS, when stored under recommended conditions, exceeds two years without significant degradation, offering reliable performance for demanding synthetic processes. Application Scenarios and Target Industries N-Bromosuccinimide is a cornerstone reagent for various bromination reactions, offering unparalleled selectivity and efficiency. Its broad utility spans several critical industries: Key Application Scenarios: Allylic and Benzylic Bromination (Wohl-Ziegler Reaction): NBS is the reagent of choice for introducing a bromine atom at the allylic or benzylic position of alkenes and alkylaromatic compounds, respectively. This reaction is pivotal in synthesizing intermediates for flavors, fragrances, and specialty polymers. The high selectivity ensures minimal side reactions, leading to purer products and more energy-efficient downstream purifications. α-Bromination of Carbonyl Compounds: In the presence of acid or base catalysts, NBS facilitates the regioselective bromination of ketones and aldehydes at the α-carbon. These α-bromo carbonyl compounds are versatile intermediates for further transformations, including the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated carbonyls, amino acids, and heterocyclic compounds. Electrophilic Addition to Alkenes: Under specific conditions, NBS can act as a source of Br+ for the electrophilic addition across double bonds, often yielding bromohydrins in aqueous media or vicinal dibromides in non-polar solvents. This is crucial in synthesizing polyhalogenated compounds used in flame retardants and pesticides. Bromination of Aromatic Compounds: While less common than radical bromination, NBS can also participate in electrophilic aromatic substitution, especially for activated aromatics, offering a milder alternative to elemental bromine. Oxidation Reactions: NBS can act as an oxidizing agent in certain contexts, particularly for converting alcohols to carbonyls or sulfides to sulfoxides. Target Industries: Pharmaceutical Industry: Essential for synthesizing active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and their intermediates. For instance, bromination steps are critical in creating precursors for anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, and cardiovascular agents. Agrochemical Industry: Used in the production of herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides, where specific brominated compounds contribute to enhanced efficacy and stability of crop protection products. Fine Chemicals & Specialty Materials: Applied in the synthesis of dyes, pigments, photographic chemicals, and advanced polymer additives, where precise control over chemical structure is paramount. Research & Development: A fundamental reagent in academic and industrial research labs for exploring new synthetic pathways and developing novel compounds. Technical Advantages of Our N-Bromosuccinimide Our commitment to quality and technical excellence ensures that our N-Bromosuccinimide provides distinct advantages over general market offerings, translating directly into superior performance and reliability for our B2B partners. Exceptional Purity (≥99.5%): Our NBS consistently achieves purity levels exceeding 99.5%, minimizing undesirable side reactions and simplifying downstream purification processes, which leads to significant cost savings in manufacturing. Optimized Particle Size Distribution: Controlled crystallization during manufacturing results in an ideal particle size, ensuring efficient dissolution and consistent reactivity across batches, crucial for automated synthesis platforms. Superior Batch-to-Batch Consistency: Through rigorous process control and advanced analytical validation (e.g., ISO 17025 certified labs), we guarantee unparalleled consistency in performance, a critical factor for sensitive pharmaceutical and agrochemical syntheses. Enhanced Thermal Stability: Our N-Bromosuccinimide exhibits improved thermal stability, reducing degradation during storage and handling, especially in warmer climates, thus extending shelf life and reliability. Reduced Succinimide Content: We maintain succinimide impurity levels well below industry averages, preventing competition in reactions and improving the overall yield and purity of brominated products. Advanced Safety Profile: Produced under strict adherence to safety protocols, our NBS is handled and packaged to minimize exposure risks, complying with international chemical safety standards. These technical advantages contribute to higher reaction yields, greater selectivity, reduced waste generation, and ultimately, a more cost-effective and sustainable production process for our clients. Vendor Comparison: N-Bromosuccinimide Suppliers Selecting the right supplier for N-Bromosuccinimide is critical for ensuring the success and efficiency of your chemical processes. A comprehensive comparison reveals significant differences in product quality, reliability, and support. Feature Premium Supplier (e.g., Moneide Chem) Standard Supplier Budget Supplier Purity (HPLC) ≥ 99.5% 98.0% - 99.0% 95.0% - 98.0% Batch Consistency Excellent (CV < 0.5%) Good (CV 0.5% - 2%) Variable (CV > 2%) Lead Time (Typical) 3-7 business days 7-14 business days 14-30+ business days Technical Support Dedicated expert support, R&D collaboration Basic support, limited R&D Minimal or no technical support Certifications ISO 9001:2015, REACH compliant, regular audits Basic ISO 9001 Few or no certifications Packaging High-grade, sealed, custom options Standard industrial Basic, may lack robustness Choosing a premium supplier ensures not just a superior product, but also reliable supply chain management and expert technical partnership, vital for complex B2B operations. Our commitment to quality and service sets us apart, providing peace of mind and optimizing your production efficiency. Customized Solutions for N-Bromosuccinimide Recognizing the diverse requirements of industrial chemical synthesis, we offer highly customized solutions for N-Bromosuccinimide to perfectly align with specific client needs. Our capabilities extend beyond standard product offerings to include: Tailored Purity Grades: While our standard NBS exceeds 99.5% purity, we can produce ultra-high purity grades for extremely sensitive applications or offer slightly modified specifications to meet specific cost-performance targets. Custom Particle Size and Morphology: For processes requiring specific dissolution rates or handling characteristics, we can adjust the particle size distribution and crystal morphology of NBS. This can optimize reaction kinetics and filtration efficiency in your specific reactor setup. Specialized Packaging: From bulk bags for large-scale production to small, precise aliquots for R&D, and custom inert gas packaging, we ensure product stability and ease of integration into your workflow. Formulation Development: Collaboration on developing specific formulations, such as pre-weighed kits or solvent-slurried forms, to enhance safety, reduce handling time, and improve batch reproducibility in your process. Dedicated R&D Support: Our team of experienced chemists provides expert consultation and R&D support, assisting clients in optimizing their bromination reactions, troubleshooting challenges, and exploring novel applications of NBS. Regulatory and Documentation Support: Assistance with regulatory filings, comprehensive Certificates of Analysis (CoA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and other necessary documentation to ensure compliance in international markets. Our flexible manufacturing infrastructure and deep technical expertise allow us to be a true partner in your innovation and production endeavors, ensuring that you receive not just a product, but a solution optimized for your success. Application Case Studies Case Study 1: Enhanced Synthesis of Pharmaceutical Intermediate A leading pharmaceutical manufacturer sought to improve the synthesis of a critical intermediate for an anti-inflammatory drug, which involved an allylic bromination step. Their existing process using a competitor's N-Bromosuccinimide resulted in inconsistent yields (averaging 75%) and required extensive purification due to side product formation, increasing manufacturing costs and lead times. Solution: Our technical team collaborated with the client to integrate our high-purity NBS, known for its superior selectivity and minimal succinimide content, into their existing process. We also provided consultation on optimizing reaction conditions (solvent, temperature, initiator concentration). Results: The client achieved a consistent yield of 92% for the desired brominated intermediate, a 17% increase. Side product formation was drastically reduced, cutting purification steps by half and lowering solvent consumption by 30%. This led to a 15% reduction in overall production cost per batch and significantly accelerated their drug manufacturing timeline. The client reported, "The purity and consistency of their NBS have revolutionized our synthesis. We've seen immediate cost savings and a noticeable improvement in product quality." Case Study 2: Developing a Novel Agrochemical with Improved Efficacy An agrochemical R&D firm was developing a new herbicide, which required the selective bromination of an aromatic ring with an activating group. Traditional bromination methods often led to over-bromination or poor regioselectivity, making the isolation of the target compound challenging. Solution: We supplied our specialized grade of N-Bromosuccinimide and provided R&D support for exploring mild, catalyst-driven electrophilic aromatic bromination conditions. Our NBS proved to be sufficiently reactive yet controllable to achieve the desired mono-bromination product with high specificity. Results: The client successfully synthesized the novel herbicide intermediate with over 95% regioselectivity and an 88% isolated yield, significantly improving upon their previous attempts. This breakthrough allowed them to fast-track their herbicide development, leading to a patent application within six months. The project lead commented, "Their NBS was instrumental in achieving the selectivity we needed. Their technical team's insights were invaluable." Trustworthiness and Customer Support Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Q: What is the recommended storage for N-Bromosuccinimide? A: Store N-Bromosuccinimide in a cool, dry, dark place, away from heat, light, and moisture. Keep container111s tightly sealed. Ideal temperature is typically below 25°C. Q: What safety precautions should be taken when handling NBS? A: NBS is an irritant and can be corrosive. Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat. Handle in a well-ventilated area or fume hood. Refer to the product's Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed safety information. Q: How does NBS compare to molecular bromine for bromination? A: NBS offers greater selectivity, especially for allylic and benzylic bromination, minimizing side reactions and often leading to higher yields. It is also safer and easier to handle and store than volatile and corrosive liquid bromine. Q: Can N-Bromosuccinimide be customized for specific applications? A: Yes, we offer customized solutions for purity, particle size, packaging, and provide expert R&D support to tailor NBS performance to your unique process requirements. Lead Time and Fulfillment We maintain robust inventory levels and efficient logistics to ensure prompt delivery. Standard lead times for common order quantities range from 3 to 7 business days for domestic shipments and 7-14 business days for international destinations, depending on regulatory requirements. For large-volume or customized orders, specific lead times will be provided upon inquiry. Our global distribution network ensures reliable and timely fulfillment. Warranty Commitments We guarantee that our N-Bromosuccinimide products meet or exceed the specifications detailed in their respective Certificates of Analysis (CoA) at the time of shipment. In the unlikely event of a product quality issue, we offer a comprehensive return or replacement policy, provided the product has been stored and handled according to our recommendations. Our commitment is to your complete satisfaction and the reliable performance of our chemicals. Customer Support Information Our dedicated customer support team and technical experts are available to assist you with any inquiries regarding product selection, application guidance, technical troubleshooting, or order fulfillment. We pride ourselves on responsive and knowledgeable support to ensure your operations run smoothly. Contact Information: Email: sales@moneidechem.com Phone: +1 (555) 123-4567 Website: www.moneidechem.com Conclusion N-Bromosuccinimide stands as a critical reagent in modern organic chemistry, offering unparalleled selectivity and efficiency for a wide array of bromination reactions. Its importance is underscored by its extensive applications across the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and fine chemical industries. By choosing a supplier dedicated to high purity, consistent quality, and comprehensive technical support, businesses can significantly enhance their synthetic processes, leading to improved yields, reduced costs, and accelerated product development. Our commitment to excellence in manufacturing, alongside our flexible customized solutions, positions us as an ideal partner for your N-Bromosuccinimide requirements, ensuring your success in a competitive market. References H. C. Brown, "N-Bromosuccinimide", Org. Synth. Coll. Vol. 5, p.128; Vol. 48, p.55. A. J. B. Ziegler, "Bromination of Alkenes at the Allylic Position: The Wohl-Ziegler Reaction", Org. React. 1957, 9, 332-411. M. Fieser, L. F. Fieser, "N-Bromosuccinimide", Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY, USA, 1967, Vol. 1, 78-83. P. R. Story, B. C. Clark, Jr., "Mechanism of Allylic Bromination by N-Bromosuccinimide", J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27 (8), 2899–2901.